Researchers from Michigan Technological University analyzed health data from approximately 800,000 individuals, drawing on records from the UK Biobank and the “All of Us Research Program” in the United States. The large-scale analysis examined the relationship between Alzheimer’s disease and 11 different cardiovascular and vascular conditions across both datasets.
The findings revealed that most cardiovascular and blood vessel-related conditions were associated with Alzheimer’s disease. However, low blood pressure, also known as hypotension, demonstrated the strongest and most consistent association across both population groups. This outcome is particularly significant, as hypotension has received comparatively limited attention in Alzheimer’s-related research to date. In contrast, high blood pressure, or hypertension, has long been recognized as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke.
The study also identified a strong association between hypertension and cerebral infarction, a type of stroke, and Alzheimer’s disease. However, no significant link was observed between acute myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, and Alzheimer’s disease.
On a genetic level, researchers further identified potential overlaps involving the APOE and MAPT genes, both of which are already known to play a critical role in brain function and neurodegenerative disorders. These genes have previously been linked to both cognitive decline and cardiovascular conditions, suggesting a possible shared biological pathway.
Experts suggest that prolonged periods of low blood pressure may reduce the supply of blood, oxygen, and essential nutrients to the brain, potentially leading to gradual damage to brain cells over time. Another hypothesis is that low blood pressure and Alzheimer’s disease may be influenced by shared underlying biological mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. Some researchers also propose that hypotension could serve as an early indicator of neurodegenerative changes rather than a direct cause.
The researchers emphasized that their findings demonstrate correlation rather than causation. They cautioned that it has not been established that low blood pressure directly causes Alzheimer’s disease. Further clinical and biological studies are required to better understand the nature of this relationship and its implications for prevention and treatment strategies.
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