Recently, Pradhan strongly criticized Opposition leader Rahul Gandhi, accusing him of “shamelessly exploiting students as political tools to manufacture disruption during the Monsoon Session of Parliament.” While Pradhan has shown no indication of stepping down voluntarily, India’s political history includes several instances where ministers resigned after accepting moral responsibility for major failures, administrative lapses, or tragic incidents linked to their departments.
One of the most prominent examples is that of former Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri, who served as Railway and Transport Minister in the Cabinet of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. During his tenure, the Ariyalur train disaster occurred on 23 November 1956 in Tamil Nadu, when a passenger train plunged into a river after a bridge near Ariyalur collapsed. The tragedy resulted in the deaths of around 140 to 150 people.
Following the disaster, Shastri stated that although he was not personally responsible for the failure, he should accept moral and political responsibility and resign from his position. He had offered to resign after an earlier train accident as well, but Prime Minister Nehru had persuaded him to continue. However, after the Ariyalur disaster, Nehru accepted his resignation.
Another major instance involved T Krishnamachari, who served as India’s Finance Minister when the Mundhra financial scandal emerged. The controversy involved the Life Insurance Corporation of India investing around ₹1.26 crore in companies linked to industrialist Haridas Mundhra.
The issue was brought to public attention by Feroze Gandhi, then Congress Member of Parliament from Raebareli and husband of Prime Minister Nehru’s daughter Indira Gandhi. Following the controversy, Krishnamachari resigned. His resignation came not because he was personally accused of corruption, but due to administrative oversight failures that occurred during his tenure as minister.
V K Krishna Menon, another member of the Nehru Cabinet, resigned from the government following criticism after the 1962 Sino-India War. As Defence Minister, Menon faced severe criticism over the lack of preparedness of the Indian Army, especially after Indian forces suffered major setbacks and casualties during the conflict. Facing political pressure, he stepped down from the Cabinet in October 1962.
The tradition of accepting moral responsibility continued with Nitish Kumar during his tenure as Railway Minister in the NDA government led by Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. On 2 August 1999, two trains collided at Gaisal in West Bengal, killing 280 people. Following the tragedy, Kumar resigned from his post as Railway Minister, accepting moral responsibility. The accident was attributed to signalling and operational failures.
A significant recent example was the resignation of Shivraj Patil as Union Home Minister after the 26/11 Mumbai terror attacks. The attacks exposed serious lapses in intelligence coordination, coastal security, and crisis response mechanisms. Amid widespread criticism of the government’s security preparedness, Patil accepted political responsibility and resigned from his position.
Former Maharashtra Chief Minister Vilasrao Deshmukh also stepped down after the 26/11 Mumbai attacks. Public sentiment turned against his leadership following the terror strikes, and he vacated his position after accepting moral responsibility for the situation.
Former Railway Minister Mamata Banerjee also offered to resign in 2001 following a series of train accidents during her tenure. However, Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee did not accept her resignation.
A similar situation occurred with Suresh Prabhu, who served as Railway Minister after Narendra Modi became Prime Minister in 2014. After a series of train derailment incidents in 2017, Prabhu offered to resign, taking moral responsibility for the developments. However, Prime Minister Modi did not accept his resignation and instead appointed Piyush Goyal as Railway Minister during a Cabinet reshuffle.
The growing demand for Dharmendra Pradhan’s resignation over the NEET paper leak controversy has once again brought the issue of ministerial accountability and moral responsibility into national focus. India’s political history reflects instances where ministers have chosen to step down following major controversies, while in other cases, governments have decided to retain ministers despite public pressure.
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