The findings highlight the need for greater awareness of bone health across genders, particularly because weakened bones can remain undetected until a fracture occurs. As Delhi-NCR approaches winter, doctors at Kailash Hospital, Noida, are urging people to pay attention to nutrition, physical activity and individual risk factors that may affect bone strength.
Poor air quality during winter can make outdoor exercise difficult and disrupt physical activity routines. However, air pollution is not an established direct cause of osteoporosis, although researchers are investigating possible links between long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and reduced bone mineral density.
"Osteoporosis often goes unnoticed until a fracture occurs," says Dr Sushil Sharma, Senior Consultant, Joint and Knee Replacement Surgeon, Kailash Hospital, Noida.
Understanding the risk factors, recognising warning signs and knowing when to consider a bone-density assessment are important steps towards preventing fractures and preserving mobility and independence with age.
Osteoporosis in Indian Men: What Does the Research Show?
The systematic review included 21 studies. Six studies involving 1,569 men contributed to the pooled estimate of osteoporosis prevalence, while seven studies involving 1,585 men contributed to the estimate for osteopenia.
Researchers estimated the prevalence of osteoporosis at 14.6% and osteopenia at 50.3%. However, substantial variation across the studies means these findings should not be interpreted as nationally representative estimates for every Indian man.
Osteoporosis weakens bones and increases their susceptibility to fractures. Osteopenia indicates lower bone density but is not equivalent to osteoporosis. Both conditions underline the importance of assessing bone health rather than assuming that weakened bones primarily affect women.
How Winter Air Pollution Can Affect Bone-Health Routines
Poor air quality during Delhi-NCR's winter months can discourage people from exercising outdoors. Reduced physical activity may make it more difficult to maintain muscle strength, balance and bone health.
Researchers are examining potential associations between long-term exposure to fine particulate matter, including PM2.5, and lower bone mineral density. However, this remains an area of research, and air pollution should not be described as an established direct cause of osteoporosis.
When outdoor air quality is poor, people can consider exercising indoors where feasible, while following local air-quality advisories. Regular movement breaks during working hours and appropriate muscle-strengthening activities can also help maintain an active routine.
When Should You Get a Bone-Density Test?
Osteoporosis often develops without obvious symptoms, making it difficult to identify without appropriate medical assessment. A fracture following a minor fall, unexplained loss of height, persistent back pain or a progressively stooped posture warrants medical evaluation.
"Older adults, postmenopausal women and those with risk factors, including early menopause or a previous fracture, should consult their doctor about bone mineral density testing," says Dr Sharma.
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, commonly known as a DXA or DEXA scan, is the standard test used to measure bone mineral density, usually at the hip and spine. Doctors determine whether the test is appropriate by considering a person's age, medical history, previous fractures and other risk factors. Routine testing is not necessary for every healthy young adult.
Dr Kapoor also emphasises discussing bone-health assessments with a doctor, particularly for women experiencing early menopause and people with other risk factors.
How to Protect Bone Health and Prevent Fractures
Adequate calcium, protein and vitamin D are important for maintaining bone health. A balanced diet can include milk, curd, paneer, calcium-set tofu, pulses, green leafy vegetables and other suitable sources of these nutrients.
Regular weight-bearing activities, such as walking, and muscle-strengthening exercises can help maintain bone strength. Exercise routines should be adapted to individual fitness levels and medical conditions.
"Working professionals should break up prolonged sitting with regular movement and weight-bearing exercises," says Dr Sharma.
Avoiding smoking, limiting alcohol consumption and addressing nutritional deficiencies can also support bone health. Older adults and people at increased risk of fractures should take precautions to prevent falls, including keeping walkways clear and ensuring adequate lighting at home.
The findings on Indian men reinforce the importance of recognising osteoporosis as a bone-health concern across genders. Although the estimates cannot establish the condition's prevalence across the entire Indian male population, they highlight the need to avoid overlooking individual risk factors. Adequate nutrition, regular exercise, appropriate screening and timely medical advice can help reduce fracture risk and preserve mobility and independence as people age.
About The Author
Comment List